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The workshop has been dedicated to selected problems concerning risks and dangers that emerge in science and its wider context. The contributions treated different aspects of the topics, including the phenomenon of hostility to science, the economization of education and scientific research, credulity, and the idea of Bildung<\/em>. G\u00fcnther Fleck discussed various aspects of anti-science, especially the refusal of standard scientific research based on ideology and group interests. He described various enemies of science both from the inside and from the outside. Gy\u00f6rgy Csepeli explored the psychological features and social determinants of credulity. He treated the complex framework in which the role of science changed with the world\u2019s becoming more and more complex and the emergence of new social media. The talk emphasized the loss of authority of elites in general, and of scientific elites in particular, and, consequently, the need for raising an understanding for science in the wider public.<\/p>\n The workshop has been dedicated to selected problems concerning risks and dangers that emerge in science and its wider context<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":41,"featured_media":25154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,239,32,38,1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/archive.iask.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/csepeli-gyorgy-2015-200x300.jpg\")
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L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Ropolyi gave an overview of different major approaches to knowledge in three larger periods of human history: human knowledge \u2013 useful knowledge \u2013 free knowledge. The talk elaborated in detail the difference between the knowledge of modernity which corresponds to the commodification of knowledge and contemporary knowledge which could be labeled as the emancipation of knowledge. Mih\u00e1ly Sz\u00edv\u00f3s analyzed institutional functioning from a sociological point of view, raising questions about the efficiency of scientific grant applications. The paper highlighted paradoxes in scientific research that can be grasped by oppositions like conservation and innovation, existing experimental capacities and new ideas, and interests inside and outside science. Paul Ertl investigated restrictions that endanger the freedom of scientific research all over the world. He identified four aspects in this regard: political, societal, economic, and emergency restrictions. Relying on Foucault\u2019s approach, th talk proposed new forms of public discussion. Csaba Olay gave an overview of the tradition of Humboldt\u2019s concept of Bildung<\/em> and his idea of university-based thereupon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"